html
HTML is what makes the client end of the world wide web work. It is not a programming language but a set of formatting commands that tell the browser on your computer at home or work how to lay out the information on a particular page. It is not a programming language because it doesn't have constructs such as loops and branching that are a feature of all programming languages. It is more akin to a generic word processor such that instead of each browser having it's own set of layout commands, all browsers use the same set (by and large).
As ever in an attempt to steal a march on their competitors, the companies writing the software for the browsers keep adding extensions to the set that only work with their browser. Eventually the World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C, standardise the extensions in a new version of HTML and everyone moves onto this.
JavaScript
Spam
History
Spam, or to give its official title "Unsolicited Commercial E-mail", takes its name from the Monty Python sketch where a customer of the cafe in which the sketch takes place can only have a meal if it has Spam as one of its constituents.
Spam is one of the evils of the Internet, if you thought junk mail through your letterbox was bad just wait till the spammers get hold of you. Parents may worry about their children accessing inappropriate material but spammers don't, they only see e-mail address that have usually been obtained illegally and without your consent and send you or your children offensive or inappropriate material at your cost!
Even if you block Spam you are still paying for it as the spammers have to send so many (thousands or millions) e-mails to snare just one contact that your ISP needs to maintain more equipment than they need to just to ensure that they are not overloaded and that genuine messages get through. This equipment must be paid for somehow and it is added to the cost of your monthly subscription.